Functions of RRAS

RRAS is the name accustomed to a ancestors of accompanying proteins begin central cells, including animal cells. All Ras protein ancestors associates accord to a chic of protein alleged baby GTPase, and are complex in transmitting signals aural beef (cellular arresting transduction). Ras is the prototypal affiliate of the Ras superfamily of proteins, which are all accompanying in 3D anatomy and adapt assorted corpuscle behaviours.
The name 'Ras' is an abridgement of 'Rat sarcoma', absorption the way the aboriginal associates of the protein ancestors were discovered. The name ras is aswell acclimated to accredit to the ancestors of genes encoding those proteins.
When Ras is 'switched on' by admission signals, it after switches on added proteins, which ultimately about-face on genes complex in corpuscle growth, adverse and survival. As a result, mutations in ras genes can advance to the assembly of assuredly activated Ras proteins. This can could cause adventitious and overactive signalling central the cell, even in the absence of admission signals.
Because these signals aftereffect in corpuscle advance and division, overactive Ras signaling can ultimately advance to cancer. Ras is the a lot of accepted oncogene in animal blight - mutations that assuredly actuate Ras are begin in 20-25% of all animal tumors and up to 90% in assertive types of blight (e.g. pancreatic cancer). For this reason, Ras inhibitors are getting advised as a analysis for cancer, and added diseases with Ras overexpression.
Function
RRAS proteins function as binary molecular switches that control intracellular signaling networks. Ras-regulated signal pathways control such processes as actin cytoskeletal integrity, proliferation, differentiation, cell adhesion, apoptosis, and cell migration. Ras and ras-related proteins are often deregulated in cancers, leading to increased invasion and metastasis, and decreased apoptosis.
Ras activates several pathways, of which the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade has been well-studied. This cascade transmits signals downstream and results in the transcription of genes involved in cell growth and division. There is a separate AKT pathway that inhibits apoptosis.
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