Osmium tetroxide (right) is probably the best-known compound of Osmium, which can easily be found, as it is just two places below Iron in the Periodic Table. Osmium tetroxide is inextricably linked to the discovery and subsequent purification of Osmium. Osmium Tetroxide is slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, carbon tetrachloride, ammonia. Tennant discovered Osmium in 1803 in the residues left behind when crude Platinum and other precious metals had been dissolved in aqua regia (c.HNO3/c.HCl).
Osmium is a scarce metal found in only 0.005 ppm of the Earth's crust. It is named from the Greek word for odour (osme). Osmium is also found, often with Ru and Ir, in the anode sludges produced during the electrolysis of Nickel (II) solutions. The powerful combination of high toxicity and high volatility (easily evaporates) makes osmium tetroxide dangerous if not stored or handled correctly. Recent media exposure suggested its use as a 'billionaires' chemical weapon.
Osmium has an exceptional density of 22.57 g cm-3 and a very high m.p. of 3045°C. It is used as a redox catalyst in organic synthesis. Molecular formula: OsO4; Molecular weight: 254.20.
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