Metal dusts are usually malleable and shiny, that is they reflect most of incident light. In a metal, atoms readily lose electrons to form positive ions (cations). Those ions are surrounded by delocalized electrons, which are responsible for the conductivity. The solid thus produced is held by electrostatic interactions between the ions and the electron cloud, which are called metallic bonds. Historically, precious metals were important as currency, but are now regarded mainly as investment and industrial commodities.
Virtually any metal can be made into a powder through processes including atomization, electrolysis, chemical reduction, and size comminution. The metal powder can then be used to fabricate parts from simple to complex shape. Metals are sometimes described as an arrangement of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons.
Chemically, the precious metals are less reactive than most elements, have high luster and high electrical conductivity. The technique and study of these processes is known as powder metallurgy, a field of study well acquainted with particle characterization.
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