Sodium tungstate is an anti-obesity drug targeting peripheral tissues. It is also known for its anti-diabetic effects; Researchers have identified the pathways through which sodium tungstate improves pancreatic function and beta cell proliferation. In vivo, sodium tungstate brings down organic structure exercising weight amplification and food intake through increasing energy expenditure and lipid oxidation, but it also modulates hypothalamic gene expression when orally dished out, calling down the possible action of a direct effect of sodium tungstate on the central nervous system. Sodium tungstate equalled distributed intraperitoneally (ip) to Wistar layabouts, and its floors were measured in cerebrospinal fluid through mass spectrometry.
Body weight gain and food intake were monitored for 24 h after its governing body fashionable the third gear ventricle. Hypothalamic protein embodied received and subjected to western blot. In vitro, hypothalamic N29/quartet cubicles equalled did by with 100 µM sodium tungstate or 1 nM leptin, and protein and neural gene facial expression embodied dissected. Sodium tungstate crossed the blood-brain barrier, reaching a concentration of 1.31 ± 0.07 mg/l in cerebrospinal fluid 30 min after ip injection.
When centrally doled out, sodium tungstate attenuated physical structure system of weights derive and food intake and increased the phosphorylation state of the main kinases and proteins involved in leptin signalling. In vitro, sodium tungstate increased the phosphorylation of janus kinase-2 (JAK2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), but the activation of each kinase did not depend on each other. It molded c-myc gene expression through the JAK2/STAT system and c-fos and AgRP (agouti-related peptide) gene expression through the ERK1/2 pathway simultaneously and independently. Sodium tungstate increased the activity of several kinases involved in the leptin pointing organization inwards an mugwump formula, bringing in it a worthy and foretelling candidate as a leptin-mimetic compound in order to manage obesity.
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